外文翻译--太阳能跟踪系统：更有效率地运用的太阳能电池板

外文原文：http://www.bisheziliao.com/p-132812.html中文 4273 字 毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译 学 院 电 气 与 电 子 工 程 专业班级 电气工程及其自动化班级 指导教师 姓 名 外文出处 ISIwebofknowledge 2014 年 6 月 1 日 1 SolarTrackingSystem:MoreEfficientUseofSolarPanels Abstract—Thispapershowsthepotentialsystembenefitsofsimpletrackingsolarsystemusingasteppermotorandlightsensor.Thismethodisincreasingpowercollectionefficiencybydevelopingadevice thattracksthesuntokeepthepanelatarightangletoitsrays.Asolartrackingsystemisdesigned,implementedandexperimentallytested.Thedesign details and the experimentalresults areshown. Keywords—RenewableEnergy, Power Optimization. I. INTRODUCTION Energymeansthepowerwhichdoesworkanddrivesmachines.Alllivingthings(includinghumans)relyonthesunasasourceofenergy.Coal,petroleum,andnaturalgasareenergysourcesavailabletodaybecauseorganismsinthepastcapturedunlightenergyandstoreditinthecomplexorganicmoleculesthatmadeuptheirbodies,whichwerethencompressedandconcentrated.Withthedevelopmentofsociety,alargeofenergysourceshavebeenused,suchascoal,petroleum,naturalgas,geothermalenergy,nuclearfissionpower,nuclearfusionpower,solarenergy,andHydrogengas.however,underthecircumstances,thequantityofenergysourceislimited.unlimitedusageofenergysourceresults in energycrisis. Atpresent,mostoftheenergyconsumedbyhumansisproducedfromfossifuels.Thegreatestrecoverablefossilisintheformofcoalandlignite.Althoughworldcoalresourcesareenomousandpotentiallycanfillenergyneedsforacenturyortwo,theirutilizationislimitedbyenvironmentaldisruptionfromminingandemissionsofcarbondioxideandsulfurdioxide.Thesewouldbecomeintolerablelongbeforecoalresourceswereexhausted.Onlyasmallpercentageofcoalandlignitehasbeenutilizedtodate,whereasmuchoftherecoverablepetroleumandnaturalgashasalreadybeenconsumed.Petroleumhasseveralcharacteristicsthatmake itsuperiortocoalasasource ofenergy.Itsextractioncauses lessenvironmental damagethandoescoalmining.Itis amoreconcentratedsourceofenergythancoal,anditburnswithlesspollution,anditcanbemoved easilythrough pipes. These characteristicsmakeit anideal fuel forautomobiles. Sincefirstcommercialoilwellin1859,somewhatmorethan100millionbarrelsofoilhavebeenproducedintheUnitedStates,mostofitinrecentyears.In1990worldpetroleumconsumptionwasatarateofabout65millionbarrelsperday.Projecteduseofpetroleumandnaturalgasindicatesrapiddepletion.Alaskanoilcanhelpthepetroleum 2 supplyonlytemporarily.Peakworldpetroleum resourcesproductionwill be reachedwithin a fewyears. Sincethefirstenergycrisisof1973-1974,someconcreteactionshaveeventakenplace.However,theseveral-foldincreaseincrudeoilpricessince1973hasextactedatoll.IntheU.S.andotherindustrializednations,theeconomyhasbeenplaguedbyinflation,recession,unemployment,andobsolescenceofindustrialequipment.Theeconomiesofsome petroleum-deficientdeveloping countries have beendevastatedbyenergyprices. Energycrisiswasaccompaniedbyworldwideshortagesofsomefoodsandminerals,followedinsomecasesbysurpluses,suchasthesurpluswheatresultingfromincreasedplantingandacoppersurplusresultingfromtheeffortsofcopper-producingnationstoacpuireforeign currencybycopper export. Asknowntoall,theavailabilityandcostofenergyhasbecomedominantfactorsinsocietytoday.Obviously,solvingtheenergycrisismakesgoodsense.Manyschemeshasbeenproposedforconservingpresentenergyresourcesandfordevelopingnewones.Itisalwayspossibletouselessenergyinanyprocess.Therefore,energyengineeriscreatedanddeveloped.Thefirstgoalofenergyengineeristodeterminethemethodsbywhichenergyutilization is reduced but theoutput remains the same,orevenincreases.The secondgoal is to determinewhich methods of usingless energyare costeffective. Conventionalengineeringtechniquesareusedtoevaluatedthemechanismsofenergyuse.Economicconsiderationsareofequalimportanceandlifecyclecostandsavingtechniques areused to determine cost-effective measures. Theevaluation focuses onthoseuseswhicharesignificantintheoverallpictureandattemptstodeterminethosetechnicalmeasures that can reduce usage andsavemoney. Meanwhile,lookingforidealenergysourcesisalsoveryimportanttosolveenergycrisis. Therecipe for an ideal energysourcecalls foronethat is unlimited in supply, widelyavailable,andinexpensive；itshouldnotaddtotheearthstotalheatburdenorproducechemicalairandwaterpollutants.Solarenergyfulfillsallofthesecriteria.Solarenergydoesnotaddexcessheattothatwhichmustberadiatedfromtheearth.Onaglobalbasis,utilizationofonlyasmallfractionofsolarenergyreachingtheearthcouldprovideforallenergyneeds. Solarenergyisunlimitedinsupply,butitsexploitationandutilizationarelimitedowingtothelimitationoftechnologyandconditions.Solarenergyutilizationneedsanenormousamountofland,andthereareeconomicandenvironmentalproblemsrelatedtotheuseofevenafractionofthisamountoflandforsolarenergycollection.Certainly, manyresidentsofArizonawouldnotbepleasedathavingsomuchofthestatedevotedto